Liberalism has been fighting the conservatism for the past 2 centuries at least. The civilization or the community which is liberated had undergone a heavy war against the conservatism. It is not easy to fight the age-old feudal structure, belief, inferior mentality of the people and very importantly those who suppressed the weak for their benefit.
Conservatism is a philosophy promoting traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization ie., basically the structure of the society in any civilization. Despite all discrimination that we have in society the conservatives support the feudal structure.
The Liberalism is a philosophy based on liberty, consent of the government and equality before the law. Here the society comes out of the traditional structure that discriminates people based on the community they belong to. The law and opportunities are common for everyone.
Getting liberated doesn't mean that we lose all our culture, tradition and our identity but we have all those in a very positive way. We have our culture and follow our tradition without any discrimination and all the masses have their opportunities.
Birth of Liberation
In the long history of mankind, humans were living in clans led by a leader. There were many systems to chose the leaders but evolution made this worse. The clans started owning lands and became territories and the clan itself divided into sections of society. The division of the sections was not equal. This is where the feudalism enslaved people. The humans never knew they were controlled, discriminated and enslaved. They trusted the monarch and nobles that they are saving them from poverty and failed to realise they were the rivals of their wealth and opportunities.
Then how did the liberation born?
Revolution
The liberation born out of the revolution. The humans are enslaved and never revolted against the monarch until they were fed. When poverty and famine strike the human he revolts and protests. This happened during the French Revolution, 1789 and the Russian Revolution, 1917. The revolution not only fed the people but also liberated them from all the traditional obstacles that obstructed their opportunities. The people know how hard it is to fight repression and getting liberated from the traditional feudal structure as they have undergone a revolution. So in countries like France, Russia the people are more liberated in terms of inequality in gender, class etc.
The United States of America has also undergone a revolution between 1765 and 1783 - The American Revolution.
The revolution in these countries brought many ideas like Republic, Democratic etc.
Liberalism and India
India has undergone a great freedom struggle between 1857 and 1947. The struggle taught us the importance of freedom and taught people to get out of slavery and monarch. So, we became a Republic. But the revolution we missed against the traditional feudal system is paying the people with discrimination and denial of opportunities till now. The people are very conservative and fond of following the traditional societal structure. That is not a problem but discrimination is.
Indian freedom fighters and leaders who worked for the nation made India the Democratic Republic without fearing its failure as the world criticized the move. But India is standing as the largest Democracy in the world for almost 75 years. We are very much liberated compared to many of the countries and societies but we have to get liberated more. We should not look back the countries those who consider traditional societal identities but should look forward to the countries developing by jumping beyond the traditional wall.
We could see conservatism everywhere in India, even in 2019 people are not ready to get liberated. People still opposing LGBTQ rights, women rights ( in case of Sabarimala ) etc. This is not to oppose the tradition or culture but just think beyond, women don't ask for something evil but to give their visit to the god. Indians could not tolerate the kingdom turning republic in the game of thrones series, people aren't against the portrayal of black people kaalakeyas as uncivilized in the movie Baahubali etc. Women harassment is increasing on the basis of caste.
We could see support for conservatism all over the world like the recent elections in the UK - the conservatives got a great victory, Trump led regime in the USA having conservative ideology resulting in trade protectionism, stopping funds to recover climatic change etc. But it is very dangerous for the common good. Conservatism could be good for a small country that has a single ethnic group or race. But for a country like India that has a huge diversity in religion, ethnicity, race etc. it is not good for the progress of the nation.
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